Our Section of the List - Feedback

Timing and Type of feedback

* The user-response feedback should always be immediate. (CBI, 7)
o "Research has shown, for example, that immediate feedback can be more effective for decision-making and novel information tasks(Jonassen & Hannum, 1987) as well as for lower level, knowledge-based tasks (Gaynor, 1981). For higher level tasks, such as abstract concepts and application/comprehension skills, delayed feedback has proven more effective (Gaynor, 1981; Jonassen & Hannum, 1987). Other research(e.g., Gaynor, 1981; Roper, 1977) indicates that concept acquisition is facilitated through immediate feedback while long-term retention is enhanced with delayed feedback (Bardwell, 1981)."
* The program should include knowledge of correct response feedback.(CBI, 3)
o This includes response verification (is it right or wrong) AND providing the correct answer
* Low prior knowledge students need response contingent feedback. (CBI 3)
o Include why the wrong answer is wrong and why the right answer is right.
o No searching is necessary for the learner
* High prior knowledge students need topic-contingent feedback.(CBI 3)
o Directs learners to (or provides additional) information to find the correct response.
o The learner is responsible for finding the correct answer in the information given.
* High certitude responses need quick and succinct feedback
* Low certitude responses need more elaborative feedback
o Certitude can be measured during the evaluation, dictating the type of feedback, or the learners can have the choice of how elobarative the feedback will be.
+ "A potential criticism of extensive elaborative feedback is reduced efficiency of the instructional unit. This problem can be effectively addressed, however, by providing increase learner control over the type and elaboration of the feedback (CBI 8)."
* There should be periodic feedback based on tracked data according to learner goals.
o There is a way to determine learner goals.
o Learning/achievement is defined (either by designer or user - Ex. 5 correct iterations)
o The results of the latest session is related back to the goal.